Bolshevist Russia is a common term representing the Red side in the Russian Civil War, or more specifically the Russian government between the Bolshevik's October Revolution, November 7, 1917, and the constitution of the Soviet Union, December 30, 1922.

Bolshevist Russia ought to be distinguished from Soviet Russia which chiefly is a somewhat slappy synonym to the Soviet Union — although the term Soviet Russia well might be seen used to include all time from the February Revolution in 1917 to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.