A calliope is a musical instrument. It is played with a keyboard, and sends steam though whistles to make sound. Joseph Stoddard of Worcester, Massachusetts invented the calliope in 1855. The calliope is sometimes called the "steam organ" or "steam piano." It was often played on riverboats and in circuses.

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In Greek mythology, Calliope ("beautiful voice") was the muse for epic poetry. She had two sons, Orpheus and Linus with Apollo. She was the oldest and wisest of the Muses. She was the judge in the argument over Adonis between Aphrodite and Persephone. She was represented by a stylus and wax tablets.

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Calliope is a shire in Queensland, Australia.

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"Calliope" is a song by Tom Waits.