Nebuchadnezzar was the name of several kings of Babylonia. The best known of these kings was Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon, who conquered Syria and Palestine and increased the splendor of his capital, Babylon.

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Nebuchadnezzar is the name of Morpheus's vessel in the science fiction films, The Matrix and The Matrix Reloaded.

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In wine circles, a Nebuchadnezzar is an oversized champagne bottle, which holds 15 liters (20 regular sized wine bottles). It is often used for promotional purposes or to exaggerate the aging ability of fine red wines.