Rudolf Hess (also, Rudolf Heß) (April 26, 1894 - August 17, 1987) was a prominent figure in Nazi Germany and was Adolf Hitler's deputy as Nazi Party leader.

He edited Hitler's book Mein Kampf and later became Hitler's private secretary, eventually rising to deputy party leader and third in leadership of Germany, after Hitler and Hermann Göring.

He flew to Great Britain in May 1941 -- parachuting from his Messerschmitt Bf 110 into Ayrshire on May 10 -- in what he thought was a secret mission to negotiate peace with the Duke of Hamilton. He was immediately imprisoned by the British (in the Tower of London), and his attempt was dismissed by Hitler. This journey was one of the odder events of World War II, and was actually a scheme conceived by James Bond author Ian Fleming (source The Man Who Was M - ISBN 0-631-13392-5), who was an officer in British Intelligence at the time.

The trap was laid in 1940? after Fleming read about the Anglo-German organisation The Link in the intelligence file of its founder, Admiral Sir Barry Domvile. Via an agent Fleming fed Heß the line that The Link had been driven underground and was in a position to overthrow Prime Minister Winston Churchill and negotiate peace, and that the Duke of Hamilton was prepared to be a negotiator. Heß selected the date of his flight after Ernst Schulter-Strathaus, Heß' consultant on astrology and the occult, told Heß that there would be an alignment of 6 planets in Taurus at the time of the full moon on May 10.

Heß was tried at the Nuremberg Trials after the war for crimes against peace and was given a life sentence. For decades afterward, he was addressed simply as "prisoner number seven". Following the 1966 release of Baldur von Schirach and Albert Speer, he was the sole remaining prisoner of Spandau Prison. He degenerated mentally and apparently lost most of his memory.

In 1987, he died under Four Power imprisonment in West Berlin - kept in prison at the insistence of the Soviet Union which apparently had never forgiven him. His death was ruled a suicide. His son Wolf Rüdiger Hess maintained till his death that he was murdered by the British SAS. Eugene Bird wrote a novel about him titled The Loneliest Man in the World.